Sin entered humanity through one man. It persisted through many men. It could not be undone by reform, education, law, or sacrifice. The problem was not ignorance, nor weakness, nor environment. The problem was lineage.

Because sin was generational, redemption had to be historical. Because sin was transmitted, redemption had to interrupt transmission. God’s response, therefore, was not singular but twofold — addressing both the source of sin and its continuation.

The first solution: Jesus Christ, the single man

Scripture does not present Christ as a moral teacher who gradually improves humanity. It presents Him as a new beginning.

Jesus is not merely sinless in conduct. He is sinless in origin. He does not belong to Adam’s line, yet He enters Adam’s world. He is fully human without being generationally bound.

This distinction is essential.

• If Christ were merely better than Adam, He would still belong to Adam.

• If He belonged to Adam, He would inherit Adam’s death.

• If He inherited death, His obedience would save no one but Himself.

Instead, Christ stands outside the corrupted lineage while standing fully within human history. He is not an exception; He is a replacement.

This is why Scripture names Him the last Adam. There is no third.

How one man breaks a lineage

Lineages are maintained through continuity, not perfection. Sin does not require excellence to survive; it requires only reproduction. Breaking a lineage does not require mass participation. It requires a rupture.

Christ constitutes that rupture.

He does what Adam failed to do — not by avoiding temptation, but by obeying in its presence. Where Adam disobeyed with knowledge, Christ obeyed with suffering. Where Adam transmitted death through life, Christ transmits life through death.

The lineage does not end with Christ. It is replaced by Him.

The second solution: spiritual rebirth

Even with a new Adam, the problem of human birth remains. Men continue to be born of men. The old economy persists unless a new entry point is provided.

This is why redemption includes not only a new man, but a new birth.

Spiritual rebirth is not symbolic language for ethical renewal. It is a declaration that origin matters more than behavior.

To be “born again” is to be removed from one line and placed into another.

• Not improved Adam

• Not forgiven Adam

• But participation in Christ

This birth does not rely on seed, womb, or bloodline. It relies on Spirit. The mode of transmission that carried sin is bypassed entirely.

Sin defeated without physical death

Before Christ, death was the only terminus of sin. To escape sin was to exit life.

After Christ, sin can be defeated while life continues.

This is not because death has lost its reality, but because death has lost its monopoly. A person may still die, but death no longer determines belonging.

Life is no longer postponed until judgment. It is accessed through rebirth.

This is the true radicalism of the gospel.

The curse is interrupted, not erased

Redemption does not pretend the curse never happened. The world still bears its marks.

• Men still sin.

• Women still suffer.

• Death still occurs.

But the curse no longer defines the future.

Interruption is more powerful than erasure. Erasure denies history; interruption redeems it.

God does not rewind creation. He reorients it.

Why this preserves creation rather than negates it

God’s two solutions accomplish what no alternative could:

• Humanity continues

• Sin is addressed

• Death is dethroned

• Woman is preserved

• Man is redeemed

The problem of sin is solved without the destruction of the human story.

This balance is not accidental. It reveals a God who is not merely just, but faithful to His creation — unwilling to abandon what He declared good, even after it was broken.